Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the world. Despite all its complexity, there are methods that can greatly facilitate a person's life. First of all, you need to follow a certain diet.
If you follow a prescribed diet, then diabetes will not affect your general health in any way, and in addition, the possibility of all kinds of complications, including heart attack, stroke, v. v. , will decrease.
Types of diets
Diet for diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease and age group. Therefore, there are general principles to build a reasonable diet, which is adjusted based on the individual indicators of the human body.
Since there is no cure for the disease, a certain menu is prescribed to reduce the danger from it. Eating the right food at a clearly indicated time is essential to:
- reduce the risk of chronic and acute complications,
- maintain good health and relatively strong immunity,
- prevent or lose weight,
- Keep blood sugar within acceptable limits.
There are two types of diabetes. The first, in other words, is called insulin dependence. Its development is associated with the damage and death of cells that line the pancreas and are responsible for the production of insulin.
Along with that, nutrition is aimed at maintaining insulin therapy and rather as a complementary approach to disease control. Its principles are similar to those followed by healthy people to achieve a beautiful and happy body.
The main difference is the need to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. Since the treatment of type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, you need to monitor the proportion of carbohydrates in your diet daily. As a rule, it should not be more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, which is also not insulin dependent, develops in obese people, so the diet is in the first place. In the early stages of the disease or mild, it is important to get rid of excess weight sensibly.
When this type of diabetes is moderate or even severe, in addition to diet, medications are prescribed to lower blood sugar, or insulin. It is worth noting that in such cases, you also need to pay special attention to physical activity. Thanks to them, such a problem as obesity can be solved without surgery.
The most popular diets are the so-called 8 and 9 tables. The eighth dietary regimen applies to people who are overweight or tend to be overweight. The ninth is taken as a basis to determine the diet for people with diabetes.
Diet number 9 for diabetes
Diet number 9 is considered a cure-all and is prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates). It also aims to prevent disorders related to fat metabolism. Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
Such a diet is characterized as follows:
- It is advisable to reduce the calorie content by eating animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates (except sweets and sugars),
- partially or completely eliminate cholesterol and salt,
- consume more vitamins and fiber,
- Protein content should be within normal limits.
All healthy diets, including the ninth diet, are based on consistent food intake. You need to eat often and in small portions. In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fried or stewed foods should be eaten as little as possible or completely forgotten. In the first place should be baked and boiled. It's best to design your menu for the week, as it will make it easier to follow. Particular preference should be given to the following products:
- lean
- Lean fish
- vegetables containing no more than 5% carbohydrates,
- fruit (not all),
- Sugar-free natural drink.
As for spices and eggs, their consumption should be limited. This is especially true of egg yolks. Protein intake per day should not exceed 1. 5 pieces. In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, pasta, pasta and puff pastry, pickled vegetables are also prohibited.
Bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives should not be consumed. The same applies to fats like pork, lamb, and beef. To get the necessary fats, you should eat butter (unsalted) and vegetable oils in moderation.
Diet number 9 is the basis used in the appointment of necessary nutrients. It is adjusted depending on the individual indicators of the person with diabetes. There are different types of diets that you can combine and find the right one for you.
What is a bread unit?
Since the point of proper diabetes nutrition is to consume carbohydrates in a certain amount, you should know how to determine that preferred level, this depends on the amount and type of food you eat. need to eat.
All products, including carbohydrates, have different physical properties and calories. These characteristics are independent of the conventional measurement method. In addition, the nutritional status of patients with diabetes requires increased control of their daily intake.
To make it easier to determine how much you need to eat this or that product and not exceed the permissible amount, nutritionists have coined the term "bread unit". This concept is used in cases where a diabetic patient is prescribed insulin.
With such a unit of measurement, it is easy for a person to understand what can be eaten and drank, and what cannot. He builds his healthy menu based on personal stats, and can change some other foods that contain carbohydrates.
As a rule, a person should consume from 18 to 25 such units per day. Since five meals are required, it makes sense to evenly distribute this amount at all times. The main "dose" should enter the body in the first half of the day. To keep track of the number of units of bread consumed, you can write yourself a menu by day.
How many calories do you consume per day?
The diabetes diet entails rejecting many foods and dishes that may have previously been included in the daily diet. However, you should not confuse foods that help you normalize your sugar levels with foods that are essential for weight loss.
Nutrition for type 1 diabetes aims to accurately calculate the exact amount of insulin needed. Calorie content in this case does not play such an important role. It must be monitored so as not to gain weight.
The type 2 diabetes diet requires increased calorie control, as it often develops in the presence of obesity. However, it is also not worth their fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on the individual indicators of the body. The diet itself should be low in carbohydrates, but it does not mean a complete lack of carbohydrates. You need to eat full but it is important not to overeat.
When the question arises about what you can eat with type 2 diabetes, many believe that you need to almost sit on breadcrumbs and water. This is completely impossible. Food must be complete, contain many vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes for creating delicious, satisfying and at the same time healthy dishes that will not allow you to restore health, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy. Discuss with your doctor what specific foods and estimated calories are allowed per day.
Useful and unhealthy food
Low-carb diets are different. For a healthy person, they are less stringent than for someone already diagnosed with diabetes. But they have the same meaning. They differ in the list of main products, divided into healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Useful
- all kinds of vegetables,
- greens (spinach, sorrel, dill),
- mushroom,
- meat and fish (lean),
- Coffee and tea,
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately increased sugar intake:
- potato,
- cereals,
- pasta, including hard varieties,
- dairy products.
Increase the amount of sugar:
- Candy,
- honey,
- drinks with added sugar,
- wine,
- grapes and its derivatives,
- hot and salty spices.
This division of products is generally accepted and is often taken as the basis for formulating menus for people with diabetes. But what is good for one person can turn out to be bad for another. Since everything is relative, an individual diet is prepared for each diabetic.
How to eat to reduce obesity?
It is believed that in order to lose weight, you must adhere to a strict low-calorie diet. But the problem is, it doesn't work. Many studies have shown that with reducing the calorie content of your diet, aside from the constant feeling of hunger, to fainting, anxiety and other things, nothing else happens.
With such a diet, you will be able to literally lose a few kilograms, but if at the same time the body is distinguished by good elasticity and muscles, then this is all that will happenright from the start. Subcutaneous fat will not go anywhere but sometimes on the contrary accumulates more.
The protein diet consists of an active intake of protein and a parallel reduction in the intake of fats and carbohydrates. The approach itself isn't bad, but it also has its nuances. Again, protein cannot be overdone and fat must not be excluded from the diet at all. Lack of carbohydrates will lead to a loss of vital energy.
In the end, it all turned to a low-carb diet. By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar intake. In terms of weight loss, she is not a complete savior, but of all that is presented, she is the best. Its value is all the necessary elements needed to maintain vital activity entering the body.
Therefore, when there is a reasonable amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, the body does not need to build up residue. The metabolism starts working like clockwork, there is no longer a feeling of chronic hunger, the symptoms of the disease practically disappear, and the person becomes more active.
Diet for type 1 diabetes
To maintain a healthy body with type 1 diabetes, a low-carb diet is necessary. But in this case, it must be strict. Table numbers do not play a special role here, although the number 9 diet is often taken as a basis.
The problem is that even the effects of insulin vary widely, so it is difficult to normalize the indicators. That is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet. The less carbohydrates that enter the body, the less insulin is needed.
It is important to understand that your diet is related to your individual insulin dosage. Therefore, when formulating your menu, you need to take into account the amount of medicine. It's better to schedule by day to make it easier to follow.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than type 1 diabetes, diet is essential to losing weight and preventing future disease. Again, a low-carb diet is also recommended. Of course, this is an approximate diet being adjusted. Its implication is the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as the control of insulin resistance.
Some people practice taking different diet pills and treating with folk remedies. You should forget the first thing, because at best there will be no meaning from these drugs.
Folk remedies, as a rule, include any herbal infusions and decoctions. If you really understand medicinal plants then maybe something will happen, but you shouldn't take it as the basis of healing.
CKD
Against the background of the disease, renal failure may develop. It should be understood that it is not due to protein in the diet as many people mistakenly believe, but due to high blood sugar.
The active development of such a disease is stopped when the blood glucose level returns to normal. For this, diet will help. Protein is not excluded from the diet, but you need to work with carbohydrates. Proper nutrition for the average person can even lead to the fact that the kidneys are completely restored.
However, if this process is done excessively, the kidneys will not be able to return to health. Furthermore, in such a case, a low-carb diet can accelerate the destruction process. In order not to lead to this, you need to monitor your condition and control your nutrition, a table created for yourself will be useful, where dishes and insulin dosages are scheduled, if necessaryset.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age. In children, it can happen based on the fact that there has been an overeating of flour products, sweets. Finding the problem in time and starting to solve it correctly, you can avoid complications.
In women, it can happen for a variety of reasons. Constant stress, abundant nutrition (mostly unhealthy foods), as well as inactivity can cause excess weight and result in type 2 diabetes.
Quite often there is a situation when the disease arises during pregnancy. This is due to a hormonal imbalance. In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume foods that can provoke the development of diabetes.
As a rule, there is a less strict diet for pregnant women, aimed at normalizing body processes and partial weight loss, but at the same time not harming the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes, strict nutrition should only be discussed with a specialist. The diet needs to be adjusted taking into account the parallel development of the fetus. By excluding any product, you could harm your unborn baby.
Type 2 diabetes develops slightly less in men than in women. This is due to the fact that they have a somewhat fast metabolism. But junk food, alcoholism and little physical activity can easily lead to such a problem.